Currency and Exchange Rates

Which currency anchors assessments, and which are tracked?

The US dollar (USD) is the anchor currency: every assessment is expressed in USD. A single set of reference USD-to-currency exchange rates is applied consistently across all documents, data, and reports. 25 currencies are tracked against the USD, listed below with their currency codes. Each also carries a shortened display name, used wherever the full name will not fit — chart axes, legends, and narrow table headers. The current reference rates for every tracked currency are tabulated later on this page.

Currency	Display Name	Code
Euro	Euro	EUR
Chinese Yuan	Yuan	CNY
Japanese Yen	Yen	JPY
Saudi Riyal	Riyal	SAR
Brazilian Real	Real	BRL
Singapore Dollar	Sing. Dollar	SGD
Pound Sterling	Pound	GBP
South African Rand	Rand	ZAR
Indian Rupee	Rupee	INR
Canadian Dollar	Can. Dollar	CAD
South Korean Won	Won	KRW
Mexican Peso	Mex. Peso	MXN
Czech Koruna	Czech Koruna	CZK
Hungarian Forint	Hungarian Forint	HUF
Norwegian Krone	Norwegian Krone	NOK
Polish Zloty	Polish Zloty	PLN
Swedish Krona	Swedish Krona	SEK
Australian Dollar	Australian Dollar	AUD
Indonesian Rupiah	Indonesian Rupiah	IDR
Philippine Peso	Philippine Peso	PHP
Thai Baht	Thai Baht	THB
Russian Ruble	Russian Ruble	RUB
New Taiwan Dollar	New Taiwan Dollar	TWD
Turkish Lira	Turkish Lira	TRY
Chilean Peso	Chilean Peso	CLP

At publication, monetary figures are converted from this US dollar basis to the currency conventions commonly used in each country, so readers see values in familiar local terms.

Over what periods are reference exchange rates published?

Reference rates are published across three history bands, each pairing a reporting frequency with a look-back span so short-term comparison and longer-term trend analysis are both supported directly from the same dataset.

Band	Frequency	Span
Recent	Monthly	1 year
Mid-term	Quarterly	3 years
Long-term	Annual	10 years

The Recent band's monthly frequency mirrors the monthly cadence on which every assessment is produced, so exchange-rate history stays aligned to the same production cycle as the prices and costs it converts. A preview of the latest rates for a few major currencies appears directly below; the full history for each band opens in its own panel underneath.

Currency	Rate (Jul 26)
EUR	0.876
CNY	6.78
JPY	162
GBP	0.747
INR	95.9

Full monthly, quarterly, and annual history for every tracked currency is available in the panels below.

Code	Jul 26	Jun 26	May 26	Apr 26	Mar 26	Feb 26	Jan 26	Dec 25	Nov 25	Oct 25	Sep 25	Aug 25	Jul 25
EUR	0.876	0.868	0.856	0.856	0.864	0.846	0.855	0.854	0.865	0.858	0.852	0.858	0.854
CNY	6.78	6.77	6.80	6.84	6.89	6.91	6.97	7.05	7.11	7.12	7.12	7.18	7.17
JPY	162	161	158	159	159	155	157	156	155	151	148	147	147
SAR	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75
BRL	5.13	5.13	4.98	5.05	5.25	5.21	5.37	5.45	5.34	5.40	5.37	5.45	5.52
SGD	1.29	1.29	1.28	1.28	1.28	1.27	1.28	1.29	1.30	1.29	1.28	1.28	1.28
GBP	0.747	0.750	0.741	0.745	0.749	0.736	0.743	0.748	0.762	0.747	0.740	0.744	0.739
ZAR	16.4	16.4	16.5	16.6	16.7	16.0	16.4	16.9	17.2	17.3	17.5	17.7	17.7
INR	95.9	94.9	95.5	93.2	92.6	90.7	90.6	90.1	88.8	88.4	88.2	87.5	85.9
CAD	1.41	1.40	1.37	1.38	1.37	1.37	1.38	1.38	1.41	1.40	1.38	1.38	1.37
KRW	1,500	1,530	1,490	1,490	1,490	1,450	1,460	1,470	1,460	1,420	1,390	1,390	1,380
MXN	17.5	17.4	17.3	17.5	17.8	17.2	17.8	18.1	18.4	18.4	18.5	18.7	18.7
CZK	21.2	21.0	20.8	20.9	21.1	20.5	20.7	20.7	21.0	20.9	20.7	21.0	21.0
HUF	314	307	308	318	337	320	329	329	333	335	334	340	341
NOK	9.72	9.55	9.26	9.50	9.64	9.58	10.0	10.1	10.2	10.0	9.94	10.2	10.1
PLN	3.78	3.69	3.63	3.64	3.69	3.57	3.60	3.61	3.67	3.65	3.63	3.66	3.63
SEK	9.67	9.50	9.31	9.28	9.29	8.98	9.16	9.31	9.51	9.44	9.37	9.59	9.58
AUD	1.44	1.42	1.39	1.42	1.42	1.42	1.48	1.51	1.54	1.53	1.52	1.54	1.53
IDR	18,000	17,900	17,500	17,100	16,900	16,800	16,800	16,700	16,700	16,600	16,500	16,300	16,300
PHP	61.6	61.1	61.4	60.1	59.5	58.2	59.2	58.9	58.9	58.2	57.2	57.1	56.7
THB	33.5	32.9	32.5	32.3	32.2	31.3	31.3	31.6	32.4	32.6	31.9	32.4	32.4
RUB	77.5	73.0	73.3	77.2	80.4	76.8	78.5	78.5	80.5	81.2	82.9	80.0	78.5
TWD	32.2	31.6	31.5	31.7	31.9	31.5	31.5	31.4	31.1	30.6	30.4	30.1	29.2
TRY	47.0	46.3	45.5	44.7	44.2	43.7	43.2	42.7	42.3	41.8	41.3	40.8	40.2
CLP	930	904	900	898	909	861	888	916	937	956	959	965	950

Code	Q2 26	Q1 26	Q4 25	Q3 25	Q2 25	Q1 25	Q4 24	Q3 24	Q2 24	Q1 24	Q4 23	Q3 23
EUR	0.860	0.855	0.859	0.855	0.883	0.952	0.937	0.910	0.929	0.921	0.929	0.919
CNY	6.81	6.93	7.10	7.16	7.24	7.28	7.19	7.17	7.24	7.18	7.21	7.24
JPY	159	157	154	147	144	153	152	149	156	149	148	145
SAR	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75
BRL	5.05	5.28	5.40	5.45	5.68	5.87	5.83	5.54	5.21	4.95	4.95	4.88
SGD	1.28	1.28	1.30	1.28	1.30	1.35	1.33	1.32	1.35	1.34	1.35	1.35
GBP	0.745	0.743	0.752	0.741	0.750	0.795	0.780	0.770	0.793	0.789	0.805	0.790
ZAR	16.5	16.4	17.1	17.6	18.3	18.5	17.9	18.0	18.6	18.9	18.7	18.7
INR	94.5	91.3	89.1	87.2	85.6	86.7	84.4	83.8	83.4	83.0	83.3	82.7
CAD	1.38	1.37	1.40	1.38	1.38	1.44	1.40	1.36	1.37	1.35	1.36	1.34
KRW	1,500	1,470	1,450	1,390	1,400	1,450	1,400	1,360	1,370	1,330	1,320	1,310
MXN	17.4	17.6	18.3	18.6	19.5	20.4	20.0	18.9	17.3	17.0	17.5	17.1
CZK	20.9	20.8	20.9	20.9	22.0	23.9	23.6	22.9	23.2	23.1	22.8	22.2
HUF	311	329	332	338	357	386	382	359	364	358	355	353
NOK	9.44	9.75	10.1	10.1	10.3	11.1	11.0	10.7	10.8	10.5	10.8	10.5
PLN	3.65	3.62	3.64	3.64	3.77	4.00	4.03	3.90	4.00	3.99	4.10	4.14
SEK	9.36	9.14	9.42	9.51	9.68	10.7	10.8	10.4	10.7	10.4	10.6	10.8
AUD	1.41	1.44	1.53	1.53	1.56	1.59	1.53	1.49	1.52	1.52	1.54	1.53
IDR	17,500	16,900	16,700	16,300	16,500	16,300	15,800	15,800	16,200	15,700	15,600	15,200
PHP	60.9	59.0	58.7	57.0	56.3	58.0	58.1	57.2	57.8	56.0	56.0	56.0
THB	32.5	31.6	32.2	32.3	33.1	34.0	34.0	34.9	36.7	35.7	35.6	35.2
RUB	74.5	78.6	80.1	80.5	81.1	94.5	99.5	89.6	90.8	90.9	92.9	94.3
TWD	31.6	31.6	31.0	29.9	30.9	32.9	32.3	32.3	32.4	31.5	31.8	31.7
TRY	45.5	43.7	42.3	40.8	38.8	36.2	34.5	33.5	32.4	31.0	28.5	26.8
CLP	901	886	936	958	949	965	963	932	934	948	895	852

Code	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019	2018	2017	2016
EUR	0.887	0.924	0.924	0.951	0.846	0.878	0.893	0.847	0.888	0.904
CNY	7.19	7.19	7.08	6.71	6.45	6.90	6.91	6.62	6.76	6.64
JPY	150	151	140	131	110	107	109	110	112	109
SAR	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75	3.75
BRL	5.60	5.38	5.00	5.17	5.40	5.15	3.94	3.65	3.20	3.49
SGD	1.31	1.34	1.34	1.38	1.34	1.38	1.36	1.35	1.38	1.38
GBP	0.760	0.783	0.804	0.809	0.727	0.780	0.783	0.750	0.777	0.740
ZAR	17.9	18.3	18.4	16.4	14.8	16.5	14.4	13.2	13.3	14.7
INR	87.1	83.7	82.6	78.6	73.9	74.1	70.4	68.4	65.1	67.2
CAD	1.40	1.37	1.35	1.30	1.25	1.34	1.33	1.30	1.30	1.33
KRW	1,420	1,360	1,310	1,290	1,140	1,180	1,160	1,100	1,130	1,160
MXN	19.2	18.3	17.7	20.1	20.3	21.5	19.2	19.2	19.0	18.7
CZK	21.9	23.2	22.2	23.3	21.7	23.2	22.9	21.8	23.3	24.4
HUF	353	365	353	371	303	308	290	272	274	282
NOK	10.4	10.8	10.6	9.61	8.59	9.41	8.79	8.15	8.26	8.40
PLN	3.76	3.98	4.20	4.46	3.86	3.90	3.83	3.62	3.77	3.95
SEK	9.83	10.6	10.6	10.1	8.58	9.20	9.45	8.75	8.53	8.56
AUD	1.55	1.52	1.51	1.44	1.33	1.45	1.44	1.34	1.30	1.35
IDR	16,500	15,900	15,200	14,800	14,300	14,600	14,100	14,200	13,400	13,300
PHP	57.5	57.3	55.6	54.5	49.3	49.6	51.7	52.8	50.4	47.5
THB	32.9	35.3	34.8	35.0	32.0	31.2	31.0	32.3	33.9	35.3
RUB	84.0	92.7	85.4	69.8	73.7	72.2	64.7	62.7	58.3	67.1
TWD	31.2	32.1	31.2	29.8	27.9	29.4	30.9	30.2	30.4	32.3
TRY	39.5	32.9	23.8	16.6	8.86	7.02	5.68	4.84	3.65	3.02
CLP	952	944	840	871	759	792	703	641	646	671